References

Ironies of automation

Lisanne Bainbridge (1983)

Automatica, 19(6), 775-779.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(83)90046-8

Abstract. Bainbridge's celebrated essay on the ironies of automation: automating the routine parts of a job leaves the human operator with only the rare, difficult, and unpractised tasks, precisely those for which the human is now least prepared. A perennial reference in automation-design discussions.

Tags: automation foundational

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