Elwyn Edwards (1972)
Proceedings of British Airline Pilots Association Technical Symposium, 21-36.
Abstract. Edwards's foundational SHEL model — Software, Hardware, Environment, and Liveware as the four components of any sociotechnical system. The reference cited in aviation human- factors literature as the conceptual ancestor of every modern sociotechnical-analysis framework, including healthcare SEIPS.
Tags: aviation shel sociotechnical foundational