Eric Horvitz (1999)
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 159-166.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/302979.303030
Abstract. Horvitz's foundational mixed-initiative-UI principles — when should the system act autonomously, when should it ask, when should it observe. The reference cited in modern AI-assistant UX design that needs to balance proactivity with control.
Tags: ai-usability mixed-initiative foundational