Earl L. Wiener & Renwick E. Curry (1980)
Ergonomics, 23(10), 995-1011.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138008924809
Abstract. The foundational analysis of cockpit automation. Identifies the ironies of automation (the more reliable the system, the less practice the human gets handling its failures), automation complacency, mode confusion, and the asymmetry between automation's best-case competence and worst-case error modes — all of which reappeared 35 years later in the AI-usability literature.
Tags: aviation automation safety foundational