Ben Shneiderman (1983)
Computer, 16(8), 57-69.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.1983.1654471
Abstract. Shneiderman's foundational direct-manipulation paper — the three principles (continuous representation of objects, rapid reversible incremental actions, physical actions instead of command syntax) underlying every modern GUI. The reference cited in every WIMP-vs-CLI debate.
Tags: design-heuristics direct-manipulation foundational